Enhanced Architecture for Asymmetric Quantum Syndrome Error Correction

Abstract

Quantum computing is a new edge technology developed over the principles of Quantum Physics and mechanics. As these systems compute exponentially faster than classical systems, researchers started to implement their applications in numerous do- mains such as security, communication, networking etc. The fundamental unit of mea- suring information in quantum systems is Quantum bits or qubits generated from the electron/proton particles. As per the behaviour of a photon particle, it leads to noise whenever the operations are performed with these particles. The currently developed quantum systems are in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) Level. The er- ror rate in NISQ systems is exorbitant due to operational noise and decoherence. Thus, developing an efficient Quantum Error Correction mechanism is inevitable to protect the information from errors. As most of the existing QEC methods are symmetric, they are implemented by assuming the probability of getting phase and bit flip errors as the same. However, due to the fragility of the quantum particles, the possibility of getting phase flip errors is more than the bit flip errors. Hence, the concept of Asymmetric Quantum Error Correction has been introduced as a solution. In current scenario, there is a lot of scope for significant improvements in Asymmetric Quantum Error Correc- tion in terms of Fidelity, Quantum depth, Quantum cost, and Number of Qubits used to perform error detection and correction efficiently. It has been observed from the lit- erature that the entangled qubits play a significant role in Asymmetric Quantum Error Correction to detect and correct the errors. This thesis presents a novel and efficient Asymmetric Quantum Error Correction method with Syndrome Measurement. In order to improve the efficiency of error cor- rection, entangled qubits are used along with the original quantum information. When- ever entangled qubits are used to perform any operation, it is essential to consider the maximally entangled qubits to avoid errors or data loss. To address this challenge, an efficient entanglement swapping-based purification protocol is proposed to distil the maximally entangled qubits from the deficient entangled qubits. In order to quantify the efficacy with respect to the Quantum Cost of the proposed model, an efficient Quantum cost optimization algorithm is proposed with unit cost quantum gates to investigate and optimize the Asymmetric Quantum Error Correction. Finally, the proposed Quantum Error Correction method is used to develop a Quantum key distribution protocol for secure data transmission. From the experimental results, it is observed that the pro- posed algorithms outperform the existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of Fidelity,Quantum cost, Quantum depth, and Communication efficiency when executed over a real quantum system.